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AMIRAVOResearch Library
Cycle-length evidence

Thymosin Alpha-1 cycle length: what human studies ran

Approved outside the USBLimited human data
Short answer: there is no established Thymosin Alpha-1 cycle length or break. The human studies below ran for set periods under monitoring; none tested repeated courses.

Treatment and follow-up in human studies

  1. The TESTS sepsis trial administered study drug for seven days unless stopped early for ICU discharge, death or withdrawal of consent, with 28-day all-cause mortality as the primary outcome 3.
  2. The ETASS trial dosed for seven consecutive days (twice daily for five days, then once daily for two days) and assessed mortality at 28 days 4.
  3. The acute necrotising pancreatitis trial dosed for 14 days (twice daily for the first 7 days, once daily for the following 7 days), with infected pancreatic necrosis during the index admission as the primary outcome 7.
  4. The acute-on-chronic liver failure trial dosed once daily for the first week and then twice weekly from week 2 to week 12, with 90-day transplantation-free survival as the endpoint 8.
  5. The Japanese chronic hepatitis B trial treated for 24 weeks and observed participants for a total of 72 weeks, that is 12 months after therapy stopped 10.

What has not been tested

  • On-and-off schedules or breaks between courses.
  • Repeated courses and long-term exposure beyond the periods listed.
  • Thymosin Alpha-1 combined with other compounds, unless a study above says so.

Frequently asked questions

Is there an established Thymosin Alpha-1 cycle length?
No. Human studies administered Thymosin Alpha-1 for the periods listed on this page. Those are study durations; none tested an on-and-off schedule or a break.
What is the longest human study of Thymosin Alpha-1?
The durations are listed on this page with their sources; compare them directly rather than relying on a summary.
Do study durations tell me how long to use something?
No. A study duration is how long investigators administered a compound to selected participants under monitoring. It is not a recommended course, and a break between courses has not been tested for any compound on this site that is not approved.
Thymosin Alpha-1 dosing reference Full research page

References

  1. Thymosin alpha 1: A comprehensive review of the literature World J Virol. 2020
  2. Historical review of thymosin α 1 in infectious diseases Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2015
  3. The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial BMJ. 2025
  4. The efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 for severe sepsis (ETASS): a multicenter, single-blind, randomized and controlled trial Crit Care. 2013
  5. DailyMed search for thymalfasin / Zadaxin (no FDA-approved label found on search) DailyMed (NLM). 2026
  6. WADA 2026 Prohibited List World Anti-Doping Agency. 2026
  7. Immune enhancement in patients with predicted severe acute necrotising pancreatitis: a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial Intensive Care Med. 2022
  8. Safety and efficacy of Thymosin alpha1 in the treatment of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: a randomized controlled trial Hepatol Int. 2022
  9. Large randomized study of thymosin alpha 1, interferon alfa, or both in combination with dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma J Clin Oncol. 2010
  10. The efficacy and safety of thymosin alpha-1 in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B; results from a randomized clinical trial J Viral Hepat. 2005