Hormonal · Dosing reference

PE-22-28 dosage

What the human evidence does and does not show, how long studies ran, and the arithmetic for working with vials.

Not approved — research use onlyCPreclinical researchNone established

Full research page Cycle-length evidence Compare Prefer Amiravo on Google

Regulatory status: Not approved — research use only
Human amounts: None established in humans
Route studied: —
Frequency: Not established
Half-life: Not established
Evidence grade: Grade C · Preclinical research
Vial sizes on the market: 10 mg
Other forms seen: —

What PE-22-28 is

PE-22-28 is a short synthetic peptide reported as a spadin-related fragment, investigated in neuronal ion channel and mood-related animal models.

Sortilin, also called neurotensin receptor 3, is synthesised as a precursor and matured by the protein convertase furin, releasing a 44-amino-acid propeptide known as PE ^6. In 2010, a 17-residue segment of that propeptide, named spadin (PE 12-28), was reported to bind TREK-1 with roughly 10 nM affinity and to produce antidepressant-like effects in mice; the rationale was that TREK-1 gene deletion in mice produces a… How it works →

Key evidence

Mazella et al., PLoS Biology · 2010 · Cells and animals (COS-7 cells, mouse cortical neurons, mice)
Spadin, a 17-residue sortilin propeptide fragment, bound TREK-1 with about 10 nM affinity and produced antidepressant-like effects in mice; sortilin and TREK-1 co-immunoprecipitated and co-localised in cortical neurons. ¹
Moha ou Maati et al., PLoS ONE · 2011 · Cells (HEK cell line stably expressing human TREK-1)
The h-TREK-1/HEK line retained channel modulation by stretch, pH, polyunsaturated fatty acids and riluzole and was blocked by spadin and fluoxetine; the line was protected against oxygen-glucose deprivation. ²
Djillani et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2017 · Cells (h-TREK-1/HEK) and animals (mice)
PE 22-28 inhibited TREK-1 with an IC50 of 0.12 nM versus 40-60 nM for spadin; PE 22-25 and PE 22-27 were inactive; PE 22-28 reduced immobility in the forced swim test and latency to eat in novelty-suppressed feeding. ⁴

All studies on the research page

What the human evidence shows

No approved or established human dose

We searched PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov and found no human studies that administered PE-22-28. The research described on its page is from cells or animals, and animal amounts do not translate to people.

How long did human studies run?

No human study durations are recorded for PE-22-28.

Cycle-length evidence for PE-22-28

PE-22-28 draw calculator

Pick the vial strength and the water added, enter an amount, and see the concentration, the units to draw and how many draws the vial holds. Arithmetic only.

1 · Vial strength

sizes on the market

2 · Water added

3 · Amount per draw

4 · Syringe

Your mix

10 mg + 2 mL water = 5 mg/mL

10 units holds 0.5 mg (500 mcg)

Draw toEnter an amount in step 3

U-100 syringe · 100 units = 1 mL

Computed from your inputs. Not a dose or a recommendation.

Compare water volumes for this vialShow

More water = lower concentration = a larger, easier-to-measure draw. Tap a row to use it.

Water	mg/mL	Draw
0.5 mL	20	—
1 mL	10	—
1.5 mL	6.667	—
2 mL	5	—
2.5 mL	4	—
3 mL	3.333	—
5 mL	2	—

Supplies and handling

Lyophilized vial
Sealed vial with the freeze-dried cake. Check the label, lot and the certificate of analysis before opening.
Sterile diluent
The diluent named on the product documentation. Bacteriostatic water contains benzyl alcohol; sterile water does not.
Graduated syringes
Sized to the volume being measured. U-100 insulin syringes are graduated in units where 100 units = 1 mL.
Alcohol prep pads
For wiping vial stoppers before each puncture.
Nitrile gloves
Clean gloves for aseptic handling.
Sharps container
Puncture-resistant container for used needles.

Step-by-step reconstitution guide Storage and transport accessories

Storage

General research-context handling only. Short lyophilised peptides of this type are typically stored dry and frozen, protected from light and moisture, with solutions treated as short-lived; tryptophan-containing peptides are generally protected from light and oxidising conditions. Defer to the supplier's documentation for the specific lot. No temperatures, volumes or preparation steps are provided, and nothing here is an administration instruction.

Lyophilized (unmixed) vials: typically stored cold and dry, away from light, as the documentation directs. Many are stable longer frozen.
Reconstituted vials: typically refrigerated (about 2–8 °C), protected from light and not frozen.
Bacteriostatic water contains benzyl alcohol, which inhibits bacterial growth in multi-use vials; sterile water has no preservative.

Handling mistakes and troubleshooting

Added the wrong volume of diluent: The concentration changes, not the amount of compound in the vial. Recalculate with the volume actually added and relabel the vial.
Shook the vial and it foamed: Let it settle in the refrigerator. Foam is a sign of agitation; some peptides aggregate when shaken. Note it on the label.
The solution is cloudy or has particles: Do not use it. Cloudiness can indicate incomplete dissolution, contamination or degradation. Record the lot and contact the supplier with the certificate of analysis.
The powder cake looks melted or shrunken before reconstitution: This can indicate the vial was exposed to heat or moisture. Record the lot and condition on arrival.
Liquid sprayed back when the needle was removed: Pressure built up in the vial. Withdraw a small volume of air while adding diluent to keep pressure neutral.

Regulatory status

Status: PE-22-28 is not approved by the FDA for any use and does not appear in any of the three categories of FDA's 503A bulk drug substances list as updated May 14, 2026 ^10. No registered clinical trial of PE-22-28, spadin or mini-spadin was identified on ClinicalTrials.gov ^11. All efficacy data identified are from cell lines and rodents ^{1,2,3,4,7,8,9.}
United States (FDA): PE-22-28 has no approved FDA application and no openFDA drug label. Neither PE-22-28 nor spadin appears in any of the three categories of FDA's 503A bulk drug substances list as updated May 14, 2026 ^10.
Sport (WADA): Neither PE-22-28, mini-spadin nor spadin is named in the WADA 2026 Prohibited List, and TREK-1 does not appear as a target anywhere in the List ^12. That absence is hedged negative evidence, not permission. The S0 Non-Approved Substances class provides that "Any pharmacological substance which is not addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the List and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (e.g. drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development or discontinued, designer drugs, substances approved only for veterinary use) is prohibited at all times", with its named examples introduced as "including but not limited to" ^12. Athletes should obtain a ruling from their anti-doping organisation rather than rely on the absence of a name.

Status varies by country and changes over time. How we describe regulatory status.

PE-22-28 compared with related compounds

Compound	Status	Evidence	Human amounts	Half-life
PE-22-28	Not approved — research use only	C	None established	—
PEA	Not approved — research use only	A	None established	—
Vesugen	Not approved — research use only	C	None established	—
Kisspeptin-54	Not approved — research use only	B	None established	About 28 minutes (intravenous, healthy m
Triptorelin	FDA-approved	A	FDA label	Terminal half-life about 3 hours after I
Apelin-13	Not approved — research use only	B	None established	Not located as a numeric value in the so

Frequently asked questions

What doses of PE-22-28 have been studied in humans?

None that establish an amount. PE-22-28 is not approved anywhere and we found no human studies that administered it. Amiravo does not publish community or vendor figures.

Is there an established PE-22-28 cycle length?

No. We found no human studies that report treatment duration for PE-22-28.

How much bacteriostatic water should be added to a PE-22-28 vial?

There is no compound-specific volume. The diluent volume only sets the concentration: concentration = mass in the vial ÷ volume added (for example, 10 mg in 2 mL gives 5 mg/mL). The calculator on this page shows the arithmetic for any combination.

How many units is a given amount on an insulin syringe?

On a U-100 syringe, 100 units = 1 mL. Units for an amount = amount ÷ (concentration per unit). The calculator converts any amount you enter at the concentration you choose; a unit is a volume mark, not an amount of compound.

Is PE-22-28 FDA-approved?

Not approved — research use only. PE-22-28 is not approved by the FDA for any use and does not appear in any of the three categories of FDA's 503A bulk drug substances list as updated May 14, 2026 ^10. No registered clinical trial of PE-22-28, spadin or mini-spadin was identified on ClinicalTrials.gov ^11. All efficacy data identified are from cell lines and rodents ^{1,2,3,4,7,8,9.}

References

Spadin, a sortilin-derived peptide, targeting rodent TREK-1 channels: a new concept in the antidepressant drug design PLoS Biology. 2010
A human TREK-1/HEK cell line: a highly efficient screening tool for drug development in neurological diseases PLoS ONE. 2011
Retroinverso analogs of spadin display increased antidepressant effects Psychopharmacology. 2015
Shortened Spadin Analogs Display Better TREK-1 Inhibition, In Vivo Stability and Antidepressant Activity Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2017
Fighting against depression with TREK-1 blockers: Past and future. A focus on spadin Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2019
The Involvement of Sortilin/NTSR3 in Depression as the Progenitor of Spadin and Its Role in Neuronal Excitability Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2019
First evidence of protective effects on stroke recovery and post-stroke depression induced by sortilin-derived peptides Neuropharmacology. 2019
Potentiation of Calcium Influx and Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Beta Cell by the Specific TREK-1 Blocker Spadin Journal of Diabetes Research. 2016
TREK1 channel blockade induces an antidepressant-like response synergizing with 5-HT1A receptor signaling European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015
Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (updated May 14, 2026) FDA. 2026
ClinicalTrials.gov search for registered studies of spadin, mini-spadin or PE-22-28 (no records identified) ClinicalTrials.gov. 2026
World Anti-Doping Code International Standard Prohibited List 2026 WADA. 2026

Last reviewed October 22, 2026 by the Amiravo editorial team. Editorial policy · Report an error